Astigmatism is a common vision problem where the eye is unable to focus light properly on the retina, resulting in blurred vision. The causes of astigmatism are varied, with irregularities in the shape of the cornea or lens altering the way light is focused through the eye. For many patients, the degree of astigmatism remains relatively stable; however, in some cases, it can worsen over time. This article will explore the causes of astigmatism, the factors that can lead to its worsening, and how to manage and prevent the progression of astigmatism.

What is Astigmatism?

Astigmatism is a common refractive error, meaning the eye cannot focus light accurately onto the retina, causing blurred or distorted vision. This occurs when the cornea (the transparent front surface of the eye) or the lens (the structure inside the eye) has an irregular shape. Normally, the cornea or lens should be perfectly round, but in cases of astigmatism, they are more oval-shaped, like a football. This irregular shape prevents light from focusing correctly on the retina, resulting in blurred or distorted vision at all distances, which can also lead to fatigue and headaches.

The exact cause of astigmatism is not always clear, but it is often hereditary, so most people with astigmatism are diagnosed in childhood. However, it is not uncommon for adults to develop astigmatism independently. Other possible causes include:

• Irregular corneal shape: The main cause of astigmatism is an irregularly shaped cornea, which is more like a football than a perfect sphere. This irregular shape causes light to focus incorrectly on the retina, leading to blurred vision. Any abnormality in the corneal shape can contribute to astigmatism.
• Abnormal lens shape: In addition to an irregular corneal shape, an irregularly shaped lens can also cause astigmatism in both adults and children.
• Eye injuries and surgeries: Some eye surgeries or injuries can change the shape of the cornea or lens, leading to or worsening astigmatism.
• Eye position: If the eye is positioned too far forward or backward in the eye socket, it can also cause astigmatism.

Can Astigmatism Get Worse? What Causes Astigmatism to Worsen?

Can astigmatism get worse? The answer is yes. For most people, the degree of astigmatism tends to stabilize after reaching adulthood and does not worsen significantly over time. However, several factors can lead to the worsening of astigmatism:

• Age Factors: As individuals age, the structure and function of their eyes can change, potentially leading to an increase in the degree of astigmatism. This is particularly true for older adults, where lens hardening and other eye conditions, such as cataracts, can exacerbate astigmatism.
• Eye Fatigue and Overuse: Prolonged near-vision activities, such as working on computers, reading, or using smartphones, can cause eye fatigue. This strain can affect the shape of the cornea, potentially worsening astigmatism.
• Eye Diseases and Surgeries: Certain eye conditions, like keratoconus, and eye surgeries, such as corneal transplants or cataract surgery, can lead to changes and worsening in astigmatism.
• Improper Correction Methods: Wearing unsuitable glasses or contact lenses, or not replacing corrective lenses in a timely manner, can also result in changes in the degree of astigmatism.

Worsening astigmatism can significantly impact a patient’s quality of life. Blurry or unclear vision can affect daily activities such as reading, driving, and watching TV. Prolonged poor vision can also lead to eye fatigue, headaches, and even trigger migraines. Additionally, worsening astigmatism may cause visual fatigue, increasing the strain on the eyes and impacting overall health.

Treatments with Astigmatism

If you have astigmatism and want to prevent it from getting worse, here are several methods to help you manage and control it:

• Regular Eye Exams: Regular eye check-ups can help detect and correct changes in astigmatism promptly. This is especially important for individuals with a family history of astigmatism, who should ensure they have frequent eye exams.
• Proper Correction Methods: Wear appropriate glasses or contact lenses, ensuring that the correction is accurate. The lenses should be adjusted based on the latest eye exam results.
• Reasonable Eye Use: Avoid prolonged near-vision activities and maintain good eye habits. Take regular breaks to rest your eyes, look into the distance, or perform eye exercises.
• Protect Your Eyes: Prevent eye injuries by wearing protective eyewear, especially during high-risk activities such as sports or operating machinery.
• Healthy Diet: Maintain a balanced diet and consume foods rich in vitamins A, C, and E, which are beneficial for eye health.
• Treat Eye Diseases: Timely treatment of eye conditions that could worsen astigmatism, such as keratoconus and cataracts, is crucial. Follow your doctor’s advice to choose the appropriate treatment methods to control the progression of these conditions.